Современная монетарная система в теории и практике: кто создает деньги?

This book offers a clear and comprehensive explanation of how money is actually created and circulated in today’s monetary system. Many people find the subject confusing, often because mainstream economic textbooks provide incomplete or outdated descriptions of how modern money works. As a result, the key mechanisms behind money creation remain widely misunderstood. The book brings together three essential perspectives — historical, theoretical, and practical — to provide a complete and accessible framework. It challenges conventional textbook narratives and guides readers toward a more accurate understanding of modern monetary operations. Using real-world balance sheets, basic accounting logic, and institutional practice, the book explains: • How commercial banks create deposits• How central banks supply reserves• How government spending interacts with the banking system• Why traditional ideas like “lending out reserves” or “money multipliers” fail to describe real-world processes• How major crises such as 2008 and COVID-19 revealed the true mechanics of money creation Written for students, researchers, policymakers, and curious readers, this book aims to demystify the monetary system and make the topic engaging rather than intimidating. Whether you are encountering these ideas for the first time or seeking a deeper analytical foundation, this book provides a clear, well-structured, and evidence-based guide to how money is truly created in practice.