ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЧУГУНЫ В МАШИНОСТРОЕНИИ: Производство, Микроструктура, Дефекты и Ремонт

The monograph is devoted to the relevant scientific and technical problem of improving the quality, technological stability, and operational durability of cast-iron parts. The work focuses on housing components, bushings, diesel engine cylinder liners, castings made of gray and high-strength cast iron, and the technological processes of their manufacture, restoration, and strengthening. The publication consistently examines technologies for producing cast-iron parts with different forms of graphite, the specific features of manufacturing and machining gray cast-iron housing components, the properties of gray cast irons, and the specifics of their designation in the standards of leading industrial countries. Considerable attention is paid to the formation of the properties of cast-iron blanks for diesel engine cylinder-liner bushings during centrifugal casting, as well as to the regularities of structure formation in this process. Production and service defects in castings, their influence on the reliability of parts, and the possibilities of their technological elimination are analyzed separately. An important part of the monograph is the presentation of the materials and research methodology. The author considers modern approaches to assessing the structure, properties, and quality of cast-iron parts, combining classical methods of materials-science analysis with new technological solutions. This approach makes it possible not only to describe the current state of the problem, but also to substantiate practical ways of increasing the service life of machine parts operating under variable loads, wear, thermal exposure, and local stresses. A separate chapter is devoted to the analysis of factors that determine the quality and properties of cast-iron castings. The influence of chemical composition, modification, and crystallization conditions of high-strength cast-iron cylinder-liner bushings on the formation of structure and operational characteristics is considered. It is shown that control of crystallization, structure formation, and graphitization processes is a key condition for obtaining stable properties of cast-iron parts. The influence of defects in gray cast-iron housing castings on their quality level, serviceability, and suitability for restoration is also investigated. The monograph presents a theoretical justification for the development of innovative technologies in mechanical engineering. In particular, it addresses the creation of a new technology for producing cylinder-liner bushings based on controlling crystallization conditions in a centrifugal casting machine. A comparative analysis of structure formation is carried out to substantiate the technology for welding defects in housing components. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the material microstructure, the shape of graphite inclusions, local stresses, and the quality of the restored zone. The publication contains theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of graphite inclusions on the formation of local stresses in cast iron. The specific features of structure formation during the welding repair of defects in housing components are considered, which is of great importance for repair production. The final part of the monograph is devoted to the development of methods for increasing the technological stability of machine-building parts and to the assessment of the economic efficiency of the proposed solutions. The monograph has a clearly applied orientation and will be useful for researchers, engineers, technologists, repair-production specialists, lecturers, postgraduate students, and students of technical specialties.